Ice cream freezing system



C. TAYLOR l Nov l5, 1932 'ICE cmsuua FREEZING SYSTEM Re 18,660

Original Filed Nov. l; 192'6 5ShetSSheet l c. TAYLOR Nov. l5 ICE CREAMFREEzING SYSTEM original Filed N'ov. 1, 192e ,5 Sheets-5h98? 2 @muy l C.TAYLOR Nov, 157 1932, 10E CREAM FREEzIN SYSTEM Re. 18,660

original Filed Nov. 1, 1925 5 sheets-sheet 3 Qwwnto'o @was 22g/ZW akamu,

l C. TAYLOR l v Nav. l5, I ICE CREAM REEZPIIC SYSY'lEM Re' originalFiled Nov. 1, 192e 5 Sheets-Sheet 4 if 31 t C/Vafs Nov 15 1932 ICE CREAMFREEZING SYSTEM y I Origlnal Filed Nv. 1. 1925 5 Sheets-'Sheet 5 CHARLESVILA'YLOR,

Reissued' Nov. 15, 1932 UNITEDISTATES PATENT OFFICEl or EELoIr,WISCONSIN, AssIeNoR,l BY IIEsNE ASSIGNMENTS, 'ro

LoUIs A. M. PHELAN, or CHICAGO, ILLINOIS ICE CREAM FnEEzINe SYSTEMOriginal No. 1,760,217, dated lay 27, 1930, Serial No. 145,426, ledNovember 1, 1926. Application for `reissue led Hay 27,'1932. Serial No.614,272.

This invention relates to improvements in ice cream freezing systemsandproposes an apparatus'which isparticularly adapted for use .in retailestablishments where the ice cream or similar frozen product is consumedat or shortly after the time of its purchase,

i. e. stores, restaurants and road-side refreshment stands whichhave.soda fountains or ice cream dispensing-cabinets.

The manufacture of icecream in retail establishmcnts has been almostwholly abandoned for economic reas0ns. At the present l outlying timeand for a number of years past ice cream `which is sold at sodafountains and refresh'- ment'stands is made on a wholesale scale 1ncapacity. Asa .rule several of these cans are purchased at a time andare' stored back of the counter in `ice boxes or refrigeratorcompartments; and as. ice cream` is called for by customers the clerkdips the ice cream from 'the cans, which, when empty, are replacedbyfilled ones'.

Ice cream so dispensed, in

- addition to its period of storage at the manufacturing plant, may bekept for several days at the place where it is sold and is` notcomvparable in 4respect to palatability and avor with-ice cream which iseaten shortly after it is frozen. The principal object of the presentmventionfis to provide compact, unitary and relatively inexpensiveequipment for use at the counters where ice cream is sold for thepurpose o frapidly manufacturing ice cream in i' 'sina'llquantities atsuch fre ucnt intervals as rFn.;

may be required to furnis freshly frozen ice cream in accordance withthe local retail ldemand and at a cost which enables it to be sold. incompetition with ice cream manufaci Y axe vlews from, planes at rightangles to tured by vwholesale establishments and for the further`purpose 'of 'effectively meeting the psychological and physicalrequirements 1n connectlon with the retail merchandising of the product.

In the promotion f these purposes the invention consists of features ofstructure and combination pertaining to unitary cabinet and freezerequipment by which the ice cream mixture is pre-cooled, frozen,discharged in a semi-fluid state, and ripened vand hardened,y and inwhich the ice cream freezing element utilizing the refrgerating Anembodiment of the invention is illustrated in the accompanying drawingsin which:

Figure 1 is a plan view with parts broken away to show details ofconstruction.

Figure 2 is a vertical longitudinal section with the freezer structureshown ingelevation and with certain chamber walls partly broken away toshow details of construction.

Figures 3 and 4 are enlarged partial elevations and vertical sectionsviewed from planes at right angles to one .another and show-ing thefreezcrstructure and associated cabinet structure, the view shown inFigure .3"conforming 'to that shown in Figure 2.

Figure 5 is a plan view, partly brokeny away, of thefreezer structureand a'ssociated operating mechanism.

Figure 6 V(Sheet2) `and Figure?, (Sheet 5) I parts in elevation, oftheupper'portion ofy the freezer structure.

i be' arranged in back of `the counter in the v ber 1 for the ice creammixture, and hardenl ingand ripening chambers 2 for the necessarystorageof the product, the several chambers being provided with vremovablelids,A 3. yThe chambers 2 may be chilled inany suitableV manner, that isto vsay by any suitable refrigerating system, the arrangement shown andpreferred and involving'an expansion coil 1 for the circulation oftherefrigerative medium and a body of brine which is cooled from the coil4:.l The cabinet includes la brinereservoir 5 inwhich the chambers 2 areset. VThe coil 4 encircles the chambers@ and brine container orreservoir 5 andthe cabinet is yconstructed to. provide passa es adJa-vcent the ve'nds'and between `thef'wa s of the chambers 2 through whichthe briney circu-v lates b convenient. The` e'xpansionicoilA is suita lyconnected to the compressor. (not shown)A which has ,the usualautomatic' sto land start'arrangement.y Theresferv'oir 5 1s extended, asat 5, for some vdistance beyond the chambers 2in order -to provide am lespace for the uantity of brine requisite or the purposes o the system,also to accommodate certain mechanical parts in co-operative relation tothe freezer as will be hereinafter described, and also to provide alargev body A ofl brine which will remaincolderv than the columns of`brine adjacent the storage vcom- 40 partments thereby to promotecirculation of the brineby convection'. y v I y The equipment also inludes anice cream freezer indlcated generally at-`6 which, to

gether withits associated mechanism, is supported 'above the cabinet,preferably upon- `the to wall of the reservoir 5 and above Atheextension 5* of said reservoir.' ."The body of I secured'asby fastenings9 to the top wall the ice cream freezerisjs'upiorted by a hfoles ahousing or' low standard '7 which prov-1 a numberl of the 4operatingparts and which extends upright from a base or bed 8 suitably of thereservoir 5j. The power for. the oper-1 ation of the ice cream freezeris preferablyv furnished by an electric motor 10jsecured at one endofthe ba'se 8 and having a projecting shaft 11 connected by arsuitableflexible coupling 12to'tl'1egmainV drive shaftl 13 which enters thecasing 7 through a suitable stl'i'liing l l C3 i box 14. The coupling 12andy the projecting.

' 1n a guard part oftheshaft 13. are preferably enclosed casingvlattached to the stand- The ice cream freezer 6 may-be of-a'ny suitableconstruction -which is coordinated to, and therefore utilizes, therefrigerating lsysat18` (Fi'gure 6) .vides the""`bottom`20ofthe-freezing chamber 16.

in a'm'anner to be hereafter explained. The y annular walls of thechambers 16 and 17 are securechto an' upper head indicated generally anda base 19 which pro- Thefreezenstrncture is illustrated in Fig- Vures3to 7 ninav preferred form which'is the subject of 'a companionapplication. Such `structure includes a rotating dasher of suitableformwhich is indicated generally at 21 and beater shafts 22.which haveoperating ranged dasherv bars l2 6 extending between and securedto'saidl heads. 'The' heads 24 and 25 also support pivotally mountedScrapers' 27 which operate against the cylindrical wall of 4the freezingchamber .16 and the head24 supportsahorizont'al scraper 28 which oerates against 4thevbottom of said cham er.

.The beatenshafts J22 are journaled in the Yheads 24' and25 vand 4duringtheir movement withjthe dasherare also rotatedby the dasher aboutivtheir axial centers through gearing which 'is preferablyl of theconstruction shown. v Thus the head 25 `is formed to provide thevertical`walls of a gear casing 29 which is completed by alcap plate 30and enpinions 32 arranged atopposite sides of the arms '2 3'. The dasher21 comprises a lower y head 24, an vupper head 25 yand spirally'arfextends adjacent the :vertical walls ofl the' .100 closesa stationarycentralpinio'n 31and two central pinion. Y. The pinion 31 is mounted "ifast on a fixed arbor 33 which extends through an opening in the capplate 30 and 'the pinions 32 are mountedV fast on theupper ends of thebeater'shafts 22. As the head 25 rotates, carrying the beater shaftswith 1t', the

'pinions 32 are driven by the fixed pinionf31 about which theyrevolveand'by their ro tation drive the beater shafts'.

The lower head l24 isA keyed or otherwisevl madefast to the dasher driveshaft 33 which is journaled in the freezerbottfom Wall'20 and pro'ectsinto the standard 7, a su1table stuiing ox 34:y land gland'nut35beingprovided to prevent leakage of the ice cream mixturel astgsaidshaft. ,The Vgearing 'for driving t e 'dasher drive shaft 33 comprises aWorm 36gmounted Von the main drive shaft 413, afwo'r'm wheel37 driven bythe worm 36 and a worm wheel shaftB 38y having suitable `bearings at .39anda() in supporting parts `Which-rare,mounted within t e standard 7.Thewor'm-wheel shaft 38 is connectedby any suitablefdirectfcouplingi 4Ito the dasher drive 'shaft 33. 1, v

= The upper head18 ofthe freezer includes i a hollow brinedistributingring 42 and a retaining ring 43 encircling the ring 42.- The arbor 33has a. conforming lit, the arbor bel ing thereby held against rotation.The cover 44 is'provided with a filling nipple 47 which is normallyclosed by a pivoted cap 48 and through which the ice cream mixture isin-v troduced into thefreezing chamber 16. At its lower end the freezeris provided with a discharge spout 4,9 which is normally closedy by asuitable gate valve 5() and through which the partly frozen mixture isdischarged in a semi-fluid state.

The freezer is constructed with a suitably insulated outer wall 51 whichprovides the above mentioned brine chamber 17 in surrounding relation tothe freezing chamber 16. The ring 42 closes the brine chamber 17 at itsupper end andis formed With a bottom wall 53 'which is inclined downwardaway from the wall of the chamber 16 and is provided with a suitablenumber of regularly' arranged brine discharge apertures 5 4 throughwhich the brine issues in jets so d1- rected as to impinge against theWall of the chamber 16 near the ytop thereof, the brine thence flowingdownward 'along the wall of the chamber 16 and withdrawing heat fromsaid chamber.

The brine is supplied to the ring 42 from the reservoir 5 bymeans of a.brine pump 55 of any suitable construction `and arrangement. The pump issufficiently shown by the illustration of its casing and may besupported within the brine reservoir by a hanger bar 56 depending fromthe bottom ofthe standard 7. The intake 57l preferably carries a screen58 and extends downward to a suitable point in the brine reservoir. Thepump is connected to the vring 4.2 by a pipe 59 (Figures 3 and 4) whichextends through the standard 7 and the freezer brine chamber 17 and thebrine from said chamber is returned to the reservoir 5 by a pipe 60 (Figure 3) which extends through the standard 7 and has a discharge capacityconforming to that of the ring 42. In order that the mechanism of thefreezer may be operated independently ofthe refrigerating system thepipe 591s connected to a brine a'eturn pipe 61 (F igurs 3 and 5) whichdiverte the brine from the freezer and discharges it into the l lreservolr 5, the connection between the pipes 59 and 61 being controlled'by a suitable threeway valve 62 having an externally accessibleoperating handle 63.

. The pump drive shaft 64 is directly connected by a suitable flexiblecoupling 65.t0 an operating shaft 66 suitabl mountedin the standard 7and in turn drlven byspiral gears 67 and 68 from the main drive shaft13.

The equipment is used in the followingv manner: A suitable vessel,containing the ice cream mixture is stored inthe chamber 1' until afreezing is required. The mixture is then poured into the freezingchamber 16 through the nipple47 after which the cap48 is closed and themotor is started to cause the operation of the freezer mechanism,the'valvey 62 being operated at such time to connect the pump and'sprinkler ring,42 whereby' the brine' will be discharged against thewall of the chamber 16 in the mannerk and with the effect described, thebrine being returned to the reservoir by the drain `pipe 60. f Theoper'- ationof the freezer mechanism in'con'nectiou with the dischargeof brine from the ring 42 is continued until theV mixture has beenfrozen to a semi-fluid consistency whereupon the valve 62 is operated todisconnect the ring 42!k from the pump and to cause the brine tovre turnto the reservoir through the by-pass 61. The brine already in thechamber' 17 of the freezerquickly drains back into the reservoirthrough.' the pipe 60. The freezer vmechanism is then continued inoperation Without any refrigeratingefect for the purpose of whipping upthe mixture and improving its' flavor and texture. When this hasprogressed to the extent desired the gate valvel 50 lis opened to permitthe discharge of the mixture through the spout 49 into a suitabl vessel,such discharge b eing aided by the ro-V tating bottom scraper 28. Thevessel intoJ which the frozen mixture is discharged-...is

then placed in any one' of the chambers 2in1@ which the mixture ishardened by the refrig.

erating effect ofthe brine which circulates about the walls of suchchamber. From the i spout 49 the mixture may be discharged into cans orinto block molds, special molds or cups.- If the ice cream is to .besold in bulk the cans may be removed from the chambers 2 to a dispensingcabinet after the mixture has been suiiiciently hardened. If desired,

however, one or more ofthe vchambers 2 may be set aside for dispensingpurposes and the ice cream may be dispensed directly from such chambers.This is preferred where the ice cream is to be sold in blocks; butwhereit is sold in bulk, due to the frequencyl ofthe calls for suchproductsas sundaes,cones and the like and also to the time required in packing ameasured charge such as a quart or pint the use of va separatedispensing cabinet is preferred 1n order to avoid refr1gerat1ng osses.

l-Vhen the required quantity has 4been iic frozen the motor is stoppedand another supply of icecream.- mixture lis placed in the chamber 1 inreadiness for the next operation o f the freezer.

- 10, trative only and selected for the sake of -brev- 4,15 C v 'ai,Itishould be understood that where the word brine is used in thespecification and inthe claims it is used for the sake of brevity and itis-notjin'tendedto thereby exclude the understanding that othernon-freezing liqiuids 'and fluids 'suitable for -refrigerating purposesmay beused in lace of the brine. Also tliefterm ice'creain is frequentlyemployed in the specification 'and claims but it should be understoodthatthe term is illusity and" does .not vexclude the understanding 'thatother freezablefoods may be frozen in like 'nia-nner by -this apparatusand operated upon iii'the same manner as is the ice c ream. Havingfully'described i my `invention, I

claim 1. `An ice creamfreezing system comprising'a cabinet including abrine container, means for cooling the brine in said container 5to. icccream hardening temperatures, an ice cream hardening compartment cooledby said brine, `a. freezer mounted lon said cabinet above the level ofthe brine in said container, means for delivering brine from said con'-tainer to 'said freezer, meansfor shutting off theflow of brine to thefreezer, and means for draining the brine from said freezer back intosaid container. f

2. Anice cream freezing system comprising a cabinet, a cooling fluidcontainer Vtherein', means for cooling said fluid to ice cream hardeningtemperatures, an ice cream hardening'coinpartment cooled by said fluid,an ice-cream freezermounted on said cabinet above the level of saidcontainer, means for conducting cooling fluid from said container tosaid freezer, means for shutting'off at will the supply of cooling fluidto said freezer, and meansfor returningall of the cooling 'fluid fromsaid freezer to said container.-

3. An ice cream freezing system'comprising'a storage cabinet,a coolingfluid container Y and means forcooling the fluid therein to icecreamhardening temperatures, an ice cream hardening compartment cooledby said fluid,

l anice cream freezer including a cream chainber and a cooling'chamberdis osed above the top of said cabinet, means or discharging thecontents of the cream chamber from the bottom thereof, means fordelivering cooling fluid from said cabinet into the top of the coolingchamber, manually-controlled means for interrupting the delivery ofcooling fluid to said cooling chamber, and means for returning saidfluidfrom the bottom of the cooling les.

viaeeo the contents of the cream chamber from the bottom thereof, meansfor delivering cooling fluid from said cabinet into the top of the.-

coolin said chamber to said cabinet. v

chamber, and-means for returning. uid from the bottomV of the cooling v5. An ice cream freezing system compris-1 ing'a cabinet provided with abrine reservoirV v. f and an ice creamjhardening compartment f cooled bysaid brine,`means. for cooling the brine in the reservoir to ice creamliarden-jy l f ing temperatures, an ice cream freezer mounted above thecabinet and having a brine'chamber surrounding a cream chamber, thecream chamber having atop filling opening and a bottom valve-controlleddischarge opening, v a. pump and conduit for transferring brine from thereservoir to the brine chamber, al

brine return pip'e'leading from the bottom. o

of the brine chamber to said reservoir, a bypass return from saidconduit tothe reservVoir and a manually-operated valve foi* establishingcommunication between said pump and the brine chamber or said by-passreturn.

6. An ice cream freezing system comprising a cabinet including a brinecontainer, i an ice cream hardening compartmentcooled by the brine inthe'container, means for cooling said brinel to-'ice -cream hardeningtem-1 peratures, a freezer mounted on said cabinet above the level ofthe brine in said container, means for delivering brine from thecontainer to said freezer, means connected with the bottom of theiyfreezer Vfor returning'the brine from said freezer to thexcontainer, and

.means forl controlling the flow of brine/` to the freezer.

ing cooling fluid, means for maintaining said cooling fluid at ice creamhardening temperatures, an ice cream hardening compartment inthe cabinetcooled bysaid fluid, an icel cream freezer mounted above the level ofsaid fluid and in proximity thereto, and means for delivering quantitiesof said fluid upwardl from the cabinet into the freezer and bac again tothe cabinet.

8. The combination of a cabinet containinga large body'of coolingVfluid, ,means for V maintaining said fluid at ice cream hardeningtemperatures, a hardening compartment in the cabinetI cooled by saidfluid, a. freezer carried by the cabinet apart fromsaid body of fluidand having a. creamdischarge port in its lower portion, afbeatingchamber and beater mechanism in the chamber constructed tofacilitate'the rapid discharge of frozen cream' through said portwithout removal of f the beater mechanism from the beating cha'm-A eberand means for refrigerating said freezer includ-ing means for.positively circulating some of said fluid through the freezer and backagain to said body'.

9. The combinationof a cabinet containing .l a large quantity of coolingfluid, means for' .-7. The combination of a cabinet containmaintainingsaid fluid at ice cream hardening temperatures, an ice cream hardeningcompartment in the cabinet arranged to be cooled by said fluid, an icecream freezer cream dischargedtherethrough, and means for circulatingsaid fluid through said freezer and back again into said cabinet.V

10. The combination of a cabinet containing a large quantity' of coolingfluid, means for maintaining said fluid at ice cream hardeningtemperatures, an ice cream hardening compartment in the cabinet arrangedto be cooled by said fluid, an ice cream freezer having a creamdischarge port in its lower portion, the freezer being mounted so thatsaid `port is outside the body of said refrigerant exposed forconvenient reception of cream discharged therethrough, and means forcirculating said fluid through said freezer and back again into saidcabinet,`said freezer being provided With. -means for the rapidmechanical expelling of partially frozen cream through said port. l

11. The combination of a cabinet cont-aining a large quantity of coolingfluid, means for maintaining said fluid at ice cream hardeningtemperatures, an ice cream hardening compartment in said cabinetarranged to be cooled by said fluid, an ice cream freezer having a creamdischarge port in its lower portion and providedwith means forrapid-mechanical expelling of the partially frozen lcream through saidport, means for'circulatingsome of the fluid from said cabinet throughthe freezer and back again, said freezer being mounted outside the bodyof said fluid vand elevated relatively thereto with its cream dischargeport4 exposed for the convenient delivery of frozen cream intoreceptacles. 1 v 12. The combination of a cabinet containing' a largequantity of cooling fluid, means l for maintaining said fluid at icecream hardcooled by said fluid, an ice cream freezer having a vcrea-mdischarge port in its lower' portion, beater mechanism in thefreezerconstructed for rapid mechanical expelling of l'the partially frozen'cream4 through said port without removal ofthe beater mechanism fromthe freezer, and means for circulating some of the' fluid from saidcabinet 4. through the freezer and back again, said freezer beingmounted outside the body of said fluid and elevated relatively theretowith its cream discharge port exposed for the coni venient delivery offrozen cream into receptacles. y 13. The, combination of a cabinetcontaining a large quantity of cooling fluid, means for maintaining saidfluid at ice cream hardening temperatures, an ice cream hardeningcompartment in said cabinet arranged to be cooled by said fluid, anicecream freezer elev'ated above and mounted in proximity to said quantityof fluid, and means including a pump and utilizing in part the force ofgravity .for effecting a flow of the fluid from the cabinet through' thefreezer and back again to the cabinet.

14. The combination of a cabinet containing a large body of coolingfluid, means for maintaining said fluid at temperatures, an icecreamhardening compartment in the cabinet arranged to be cooled by saidfluid, an ice creamfreezer also cooled v`by said fluid but mountedoutside of the body of said fluid and provid ad with a creamfdi'schargeport near its bottom, beater mecha-- said system being arranged tomaintain ice creamhardening temperatures in said fluid, a cabinetand anice cream hardening cornpartment therein, means for cooling saidcompartment by means of saidfluid, an ice cream freezer mounted inproximity to said compartment, and means employing said fluid forrefrigerating said freezer, the freezer hav- .ing a bottom creamdischarge port, beater ice cream hardening v ico mechanism in thefreezer constructed to facilitate rapid mechanical expelling of thefrozen cream through said `port vgithout removal of the beatermechanism, said freezer being mounted and so connected with saidrefrigeratingmeans that'its cream discharge port is elevated andnormally convenientreception of the discharged cream.

16. The' combination of a cabinet containing a large quantity of cooling'for maintaining said fluid at ice out necessitating immersing thefreezer lin the fluid in the cabinet. means including beater mechanismfor agitating the cream inv said freezer, and means for stopping saidcirculation Without interrupting said agitation.

exposed for fluid, means' cream hardening temperatures, an ice creamhardening 17, The combination `ofa cabinet and an ice cream hardeningcompartment therein, an

ice cream freezer carried by the cabinet apart rom said compartmenthavingia cream discharge port in its lower portion positioned for theconvenient reception of partially frozen cream from said port intoreceptacles,

i frigerant fluid maintained at ice cream hardeningA temperaturesthrough said freezer to refrigeratethe same and into the cabinet intocooling relation ywith said compartment.

In witnessof the foregoing I ax my signature. f f

I y GHARLES TAYLOR.

so I

